Chuck



of Montcla'ir, in the county of Essex,

Patented Feb. 20,1923.

CHARLES n. ienii'rrgjor Moiv'roLAflia vnw-JnnsnY, ass enon 'i'o Honmoiva son COMPANY, or I D LOCKS, NECTICUI. 1 g

CHUCK.

Application filed June 4 1920. H Serial ,No..386,494,

in. chucks and more particularly, though not exclusively,, to improvements in work-hold- .ing chucks for lathes and the like.

It is among the objects of. the invention.

to provide an eiiicient chuck of simple, construction. q e

In the drawings whlchshow a preferred form of one illustrative embodiment o my invention I v p Figure l is a section through a chuck on the lines 11 of Fig. 2, being partlyin elevation;

Fig. 2 is a section on the lines 2 -2 of Fig. 1, being partly in elevation i Fig. 3 is a view partly insection onthe line 3-3 of Fig. 2;'and" F'g. 4 is a view partlyin section'on the line 4-4 of Fig; 2.

Referring to the drawings and to the preferred form of my invention selected; for illustrat ve purposes,.I have shownachuck of the general type shown in my co-pending application Serial No. 386,493, filed herewith, improved in various respects and .supplied with a preferred-fornnof mechanism permitting ready opening and closing of the jaws without the use of a wrench as is used 2 in said co-pending application, and permitting opening and closing of the aws' of the chuck while the chuck is rotating. I

In the chuck illustrated, the chuck body '6 carries any suitable number of'jaws. herein shown as three adaptedto bevmoved to or from the work by toggles 7,'connecting the jaw slides Sand oscillatory spider'9 as shown in the application referred. to. The spider 9 may be urged in a direction to move the 'jaws in work-engaging.direct on by spring means, hereinshown as asprlng 10, which maybe identicalwith that shown and described in said co-pending application.

In said application, thespider 9 was oscillated in work-releasing direction by screw mechanism. In; the preferred form presentapplication, the spider is actuatedin commonsen e conrona'r'roN' or icon;

work-releasing direction by cam means here.-

in typified by the internal cam surfaceQO of a cam ring 21 surrounding the body of the chuck and rotatablethereabout, preferably being j ou'rnalled thereon rollers 22 63,1:

riedby'thechuck body (Sand tracking in a" groove 23 in the ring 21.

Between'the cam surface 20 and spider 9, I interposedanyflsuitable transmission mechanism which preferably, as shown, in-

cludes a toggle' having one of its mmebe'rs 130 pivoted 15311 0 thefchuck body and the I if other togglememberBQ pivoted at 33' tothe w spider and carrying between;,,the ,toggle members a toggle roll running onthe, cam surface 20.

Thespider 9.'is' oscillatedfby relative ro Y tation of the chuck body 6. and cam ring2l.

When. the :chuc'k is rotatedfbythe lathe splndle ,ina contra-clockwisedirection, as

viewedin Fig.2, relativefrotation .of chuck I bodyand ringmay be conveniently efiected by retardingor stopping rotation of ftlie any suitable brake. mechanism. I

The interiorboreofthe cam ring ZlQisprefh erably' sufiiciently large to provideaclean I ance between-the inside of this ring and the outsideof the peripheral flange 6 onthe so cam ring;2 1, by the hand'of thev operator-or I chuck body, so, that if the ring Qlisatany I time slightly distorted by I reason Ofthe beariiig of the roller. 34 thereagainst under spring pressurethe binding'efiectof the ring on chuck body will" bev minimized.

The spring 10 alwaysurging the spider,

a. contra clockwise direction. relative 'to the, ,j iv chuck body' will,factinglthrough the toggles A 3(1),]:32, always urgethe toggle roller 34 toward the cam surfaCeQO. VVhe n the toggle roller 34;, isfin the position relative to the cam shown in Fig. 2,

ofthe=cam ring 21 relative to thechuck'bod'y sume aposition of greater singularity-and permit thesprmg 10 to oscillate the spider in a contra-clockwise direction until the chuck jaws grip the work. Nhenitis de sired to have the work released, "the cam;

ring 21 is manipulated as by braking with the hand if the lathe spindle is running, or.

thejaws are retracted y from the work; A slight relativefrotation 100, will permit thetoggle members 30, .32.to asinvention shown in the drawings ofwthe by turning in a clockwise direction relative to the chuck body as viewed in Fig. 2, if the chuck is not rotating. This causes the toggle roller 34E to be pressed toward the axis of the chuck body by the portions of the cam surface 20 which form the smaller diameter portions of the scroll, thereby straightening the toggle links 30, 82 and producing oscillation of the spider 9 relative to the chuck body in a clockwise direction, against the pressure of the spring 10, thereby causing work-releasing movementof the chuck jaws.

The chuck illustrated may be changed from internal to external chucking and vice versa in the san'ie general manner described in my co-pending application by reversal of the toggle connections.

The eccentric means 50 shown in Figs. 2 and 4 provides for initial stressing of the spring member 10, taking the place of the spring tension adjusting screw shown in my co-pending application. lVhile useful in other forms of chucks, this mechanism is peculiarly useful in chucks of the preferred construction illustrated, because adjustment may be effected from the face of the chuck, by any suitable key or wrench, thus avoiding interference with the cam ring which would occur if the screw adjustment were used. The eccentric 50 may be maintained in adjusted position by entering a screw pin 80 in any one of the holes 81 in the eccentric 50. The screw pin 80 may enter from the periphery of the chuck body forwardly of the cam ring. The detail of the eccentric construction is shown in i.

In operation at speed the hand wheel on the cam ring 21 offers a smooth polished surface for the palm, thumb and fingers of the operators left hand to take a sliding grip while the chuck is revolving at speed, and a relatively light retarding force, preferably between ten and thirty-three pounds, opens the jaws and allows thework to fall out or be removed; when the new work is placed in the jaws a similar sliding grip on the handwheel closes the jaws. The operator should release the handwheel as soon as the work is released, and as soon as the jaws grip the new work. The instant the jaws close on the work, the operator will feel the torque on the handwheel cease, and should let go of the handwheel, giving it, if desired, a spin in the direction of'rotation of the work to insure location of the toggle roller in the deepest portion of the cam path. The preferred form of my invention provides adjustable jaw pressure from the lightest for frail work to the heaviest for heavy work, the pressure once adjusted being substantially uniform and this preferably notwithstanding variations, within limits, of the diameterof the work gripped. The jaw pressure being resiliently actuated,

All power transmission parts of the chuck illustrated are on rolling or pivot bearings, and the body is packed with lubricant. The eflicicncy is therefore much greater than in chucks wherein power is applied through scrolls, screws, etc.

While I have shown and described a preferred form of one embodiment of my invention, it will be understood that changes involving omission, substitution, alteration and reversal of parts, and even changes in the mode of operation, may be made without departing from the scope of my invention, which is best defined in the following claims.

1. A chuck comprising, in combination, a plurality of jaws, a spider carrying said jaws, spring means urging said spider in a direction to move said jaws toward the work, and cam means for oscillating said spider to draw said jaws from the work against the pressure of said spring means.

2. A chuck comprising, in combination, a body, a plurality of jaws, spring means urging said jaws toward the work, and cam means for distorting said spring means to draw said jaws from the work, said cam means movable through an indefinite number of revolutions relative to the chuck body.

8. A chuck comprising, in combination, a body, a plurality of jaws, spring means urging said jaws toward the work, and cam means presenting a cam surface extending through more than 180 relative to the axis of the chuck for distorting said spring means to draw said jaws from the work, said cam means rotatable relative to the chuck body.

4'1 chuck comprising, in combination, a body, a plurality of jaws, spring means urging said jaws tovardthe work,=and cam means mounted for complete revolution relative to the body of the chuck, rotation of said cam means in a single direction relative to the body of the chuck effecting distort-ion of said spring and permitting reaction thereof, thereby to move said jaws in both work-engaging and work-disengaging directions. v

5. A chuck comprising, in combination, a body, aws, oscillatory means, toggles between said oscillatory means and said jaws whereby oscillation of said oscillatory means actuates said jaws, spring means effecting oscillation of said oscillatory meansinone direction and means effecting by cam action oscillation thereof in the other direction.

6. A chuck comprising, in combination, a

body, jaws, oscillatory means, toggles be},

tween said oscillatory means and said jaws whereby oscillation of said oscillatory means actuates said jaws, spring means effecting oscillation of said oscillatory meansfin one direction and toggle means effecting oscilla tion thereof in the other direction. V

7 A chuck comprising, in combinatioma body, jaws, oscillatory means, toggles between said oscillatory means and said jaws whereby oscillation of saidoscillatory means actuates said jaws, spring means effecting oscillation of said oscillatory means in one direction and cam and toggle "means effecting oscillation thereof in the other direction.

8. A chuck comprising, in combinatiom'a body, jaws, spring means actuating said jaws in work-engaging direction andoam means actuatingsaid jaws in the opposite direction, said cam means formed as a ring presenting a continuous inner cam surface rotatable relative to said body.

9. A chuck comprising, body, jaws, spring means actuating said jaws in work-engaging direction and cam means actuating said jaws in the opposite direction, said cam'means formed as a ring presenting a continuous inner cam surface,

rotatable relative to said ing said body. v

10. A chuck-comprising, in combination, a body, jaws, spring means actuating said jaws in work-engaging direction, cam means effecting distortion of said spring and movbody and surrounding said jaws inwork-disengaging direction,"

andtoggle means operativelyinterposed between said cam means and spring, said 5 toggle means organized and operating to gressive flexing of said spring whereby subin combination, a a

name to this specification. 1

' -CHARLES R. PRATT,

stantially uniform torque on the cam means is maintained duringq distortion of said-r spring. v 12. A chuck compr s ng,

in combinatiomff a body, jaws, and cam means actuating said, jaws, a ring surrounding said body, said I cam means presenting a generally spiral single continuous cam surface w on the interior surface or said ring and said ring 1 held against movement in a directionaxialin combination, a body, jaws, and cam means actuating said" v jaws, a ring surrounding saidbody, said cam means presenting a generally spiral single continuous'ca m surface on the interior surface of said ring, said ring also pro of said chucki v l3, A chuck comprislng,

vi'ding an interior surface concentric with tion with a contiguous'surface of said body, a bearing-on WhlCll saidflrlng may rotate the chuck body, and providingain' coopera-.

relative to said body, said. ring held against movement in a direction axial of said chuck," 14-. A chuck comprislng, in combinat on,

a body having ahface portion and a peripheral flange, a ringsurrounding said body,

said ring-providing a single vcontinuous internal cam surface, jawsflnd a l prog v jecting beyond Said Peripheral nge for en-[ gagementwith said cam surface for--actuat-.

ing said jaws.

.15; A chuck 'comprising, in combination, body having a face portion anda peripheral flange, a ring surrounding said body, said ring provldmg an internal cam surfaces aws, and means pro ectlng beyond bald peripheral flange for engagement witl'rs'yaid cam surfacefor actuat ng a said jaws, and,

antifriction; spacing means between said of said 'ring, said bearing surface spaced flange and abearing surface on the interior v from said peripheral flange to permit slight distortion of said ring, while minimizing the binding effect of such. distortion.

actuating said jaws toward the work, said spring acting between saidfspider' and said a body,;and means including an eccentric bearing againstthe end of saidspring'andf adapted as lblS turnedabout its axis to pro-c vide a pluarlity of, differentdegrees of initial 16. A chuck comprising, in combination, a body, aws, a SP1d6I,l 3JCaIlt1l6V6I spring stress between said spideran'd bodyto regu;

late the degree of spring actuated jaw pres} sure delivered to work of determined diamq;

have signed my eter. 2

In testimony; whereof, "I 

